The Problem of Evil is one of the most pointed attacks on theistic
religions period. It is based on logic and reasoning where the
traditional Christian God with all his assumed qualities and
characteristics becomes a matter of doubt. How can such a God be
omniscient (all-knowing), omnipotent (all-powerful) and
omnibenevolent (all-good) and still allow suffering to exist in the
world?
This
is a seriously troubling issue and the traditional answer of free
will does not cut it because it is just not satisfactory enough. At
best, we may accept suffering when it comes to adults and their
history of making wrong and harmful decisions, but what about
children? Why are there children suffering the horrendous and
heart-breaking consequences of war, starvation and pain, all of which
are brought upon them by abusive and ignorant parents, societies and
governments? Why are some children born with mental and physical
deficiencies, being marked for a life of suffering?
I
have personally struggled with this question because there seems to
be no justification for this. There must be something wrong with our
conception of God then. His non-existence would be the simplest explanation,
but I doubt that too because, believe it or not, there is a lot of
good around the world. I think that a godless world combined with the
many dark characteristics attributed to humans would have been a much
more evil place to live in.
In
fact, we would not be existing right now and had probably destroyed
ourselves ten times over. Yes, we have had world wars and other types
of devastation, but somehow there is something commendable and yes,
god-like, about the human spirit that I find it hard to cross God
completely off our list.
That
being said, there have to be some adjustments made to our concept and
understanding of God. The easiest answer would be obviously that the
Lord works in mysterious ways and that we just do not understand how
God operates.
This
is, however, both a sloppy and lazy answer because it evades the
question. It may be close to the truth, but because of its
self-defeating purpose, I will ignore that answer here and will offer
three - as mentioned in the title - unusual or unorthodox answers to
the problem of evil. I must disclaim that I do not in fact agree with
any of these ideas personally, but that I am simply throwing them
into the mix for the sake of argument and debate and perhaps
something good may come out of it after all.
The
Gnostic Answer
There
is the idea that what we may conceive and refer to as our God is but a demiurge, an impostor, a weak-willed, albeit relatively powerful
minor deity. It is akin to the son rebelling against his parents;
thus he would be influencing control over his creation the same way a
teenager may take out his frustrations on his pet.
If
that is the case, then a lot of the answers will suddenly make sense.
There is evil and suffering in the world because our God is not
perfect himself. To accept a God limited in powers may make us shift
our focus.
But
it is also a serious reconsideration of his characteristics. He will
not live up to the extremely high standards we have set up for him,
namely that he represents the highest good, power and knowledge.
Such
a God lacks perfection, and we will be forced to ask ourselves why
should we pray to such a minor deity. Yet it would be also a kind of
awakening namely that we have been deluding ourselves with the belief
that our God is an amalgamation of superheroes with superpowers; he
simply is not all the members of the Avengers team combined into one,
but rather a (slightly?) flawed being after all. The question would
remain though, if he is not the ultimate power and driving force, who
is and where are God's superiors?
Equal
Balance of Good and Evil
On
the other hand, it may just be that his fallen angel is not as
inferior as we tend to or are made to believe and that he actually
poses a serious threat and is a dangerous rival to the Almighty's
plans. It seems a bit paradoxical to claim that one should be aware
of the powers and temptations of the Evil One and still assert that
God is much more powerful and ultimately running the show.
Why
then does God not simply stamp and erase the devil out of the
equation? With a swoop God would stop the fallen angel's evil
emanations, his nefarious influence and foothold on the world.
That
he doesn't may either mean that he doesn't want to or - and this is
our assumption here - that he is not fully able to. It might be that
they are close in their range of powers (like the brothers Thor and
Loki) or that they are not as independent and powerful as they may
seem to us; rather it may all depend on people's (free) will that
decides who will gain the upper hand down here with little or no
interference from above.
Yet
for our present purposes, we can see them struggle in rather equal
strength, day versus night, good versus evil, and it may be this kind
of tension that creates the schizophrenic and fluctuating nature of
our own existence. We are capable of magnificent feats and inventions
and at the same time are at each other's throats killing each other
and our very own living environment to boot.
In
other words, the problem of evil exists simply because there is
discord upstairs where the two strong forces quarrel with each other,
while we are but pawns in this “game.”
God
is Just Way too Busy Running a Multiverse
Imagine
running a company with more than 7 billion people employed. Not only
that but you have to watch them 24 hours non-stop and answer their
calls and act upon their wishes around the clock.
At
the same time, you need to ensure that they do not take foolish
actions (which is their tendency) and you need to create a damage
control contingency plan for the environment and for the maintenance
and necessary balance of the ecosystem.
Let
alone having to deal with all the unseen presences, from souls in the
afterlife to all the angels and demons that surround and often
challenge him on a daily basis. At the same time, he would have to
deal with his often rebellious son who may, more often than not,
criticize his own father.
And
now let us expand it a little more and look at the whole universe,
which is perhaps only a fraction of a wider and maybe even endless
multiverse that, like a mirror-to-mirror reflection, may be
containing other multiverses ad infinitum.
How
is all that feasible and manageable, even for God Almighty himself? I
believe that the demands and responsibilities on God are too high
even if he has infinite powers and patience. So even God must employ
others to deal with “pettier” issues, his own staff of angels.
And since they are not as perfect as he is, there will be a mix-up or
two along the way and God would have to rectify the whole thing
because ultimately, he is the one responsible as the
Commander-in-Chief of Heaven and Earth.
Finally,
it is also possible that the problem of evil may be due to a
combination of all three factors. Our expectations of God may end up
ultimately so high and demanding that not even God can satisfy them.
And hence, evil will exist, but we can only hope and do our utmost
best to ensure that good will prevail overall.
2 comments:
As you say at the start, “the problem of evil ... is based on logic and reasoning.”
I suggest that the problem would not have arisen in the first place if Christian theologians had not insisted on trying to be rational about God. They tried to take on board the impact of Greek logic and philosophy, and present a unified vision of the world in which everything added up. The poet John Milton was well aware of the problem and wrote Paradise Lost trying to explain in mythical form how evil arose from a rebel angel called Lucifer.
I’m not sure where the theological notion that God is almighty, all-knowing and all-loving arose in the first place, but I suggest that theistic religions don’t in every case stand or fall by this belief.
God is experienced subjectively and irrationally by the individual soul, or else accepted on trust as conforming to taught doctrine.
I have no hesitation in declaring the taught doctrine as going beyond the known; so if it is self-contradictory, the contradictions result from inadequate theory.
But insofar as God is experienced subjectively, there is no problem at all. Subjectively, I may know God one day but not another, just as we can see the sun on a cloudless day, but not on an overcast one. Scientifically, we know that the sun is still there. But theology has not reached the status of science. I cannot know that my God is the same as your God.
So the problem of evil isn’t quite as you say, “one of the most pointed attacked on theistic religions period“. A religious person may have a more subtle notion of God than the one you depict. And it’s plainly the case that many do, because they are not all morons, and the “problem of evil” has not shaken their faith; and I think there are few amongst them who depend on the three alternative answers you spell out.
Yes, Vincent, I agree with you that there is a clear distinction between religion as experience or based on faith versus dogma and doctrine. Emotions have a logic on their own and are not too worried about contradictions or logical fallacies.
But as you say, we cannot know if my God is the same as yours. So why are people trying to convert each other then? Why is there such a thing like established religion that combines to agree on specific dogma?
And these are the ones that are most likely to be attacked and feel threatened by the problem of evil. How can they justify their God logically so that they can convince others and convert them to their religion?
Those who live happily within their faith and claim to know God from the inside will most likely not be perturbed by the problem of evil.
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